illustration is provided in Kantorowicz, E. H., “Gods in Uniform” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 105.4 (August 1961: 368-393) 383, fig. 34.
^ For “august[us]” as divine epithet, see Hornum, Nemesis, the Roman state and the games (1993), 36-9. (on-line) Augusta is a common epithet for Nemesis (51 occurrences according to Hornum) but augustus is quite rare for Sol. Hornum also cites august as an epithet for the Lares from 58 BCE (Hornum 1993, 37 n. 23), decades before it was granted to Octavian.
^ On that shrine, (Hijmans 2009, pp. 483-508 (chapter 5))
^ Historia Augusta, 1, 5: English translation (Loeb) from Thayer & Latin text
^ See in particular Halsberghe 1972.
^ Hijmans 1996, Matern 2001, Wallraff 2002, Berrens 2004, Hijmans (2009)).
^ J.C. Richard, e culte de Sol et les Aurelii. A propos de Paul Fest. p. 22 L., in: Mlanges offerts Jacques Heurgon. L’Italie prromaine et la Rome rpublicaine, Rome, 1976, 915-925.
^ (Hijmans 2009, pp. 504-5)
^ For a full list of the pontifices of Sol see J. Rupke (ed.), Fasti Sacerdotum (2005), p. 606. Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus lists his priesthoods as pontifex of Vesta, one of the quindecimviri sacris faciundis, and pontifex of Sol, in that order (Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum vol. 6, 1739 – 1742). In a list of eight priesthoods, Vettius Agorius Praetextatus puts Pontifex Solis in third place (CIL , 1779).
^ The other three were in the Circus Maximus, on the Quirinal, and in Trastevere. (Hijmans 2009, chapter 5)
^ Sol Oriens: Gbl, “Die Muenzpraegung des Kaisers Aurelianus”, MIR 47 (1995), precise p. numbers to be inserted soon; Sol Invictus, idem. (
^ We know the names of fourteen pontifices: L. Caesonius Ovinius Manlius