Notes
^ G. Halsberghe, The Cult of Sol Invictus, Leiden 1972; see also for instance Allan S. Hoey, “Official Policy towards Oriental Cults in the Roman Army” Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 70, (1939:456-481) p 479f.
^ See: S.E. Hijmans, “The Sun which did not rise in the East”, Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 75 (1996): 115-150; M. Wallraff, Christus Verus Sol, Muenster 2001; P. Matern, Helios und Sol, Istanbul 2002; S. Berrens, Sonnenkult und Kaiseertum, 2004; S. E. Hijmans, Sol, the sun in the art and religions of Rome, 2009
^ The Roman cult to Sol is continuous from the “earliest history” of the city to (at the latest) the institution of Christianity as an exclusive Roman State religion. Scholarly assertions that Rome’s traditional Sol and Sol Invictus as different deities are refuted in Hijmans (2009, pp. Chapter 1) (a reworking of Hijmans, 1996. Matern 2001, Wallraff 2002, and Berrens 2004 all follow Hijmans in rejecting the notion that Sol Invictus was somehow a separate, distinct solar deity.
^ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum VI, 715: Soli Invicto deo / ex voto suscepto / accepta missione / honesta ex nume/ro eq(uitum) sing(ularium) Aug(usti) P(ublius) / Aelius Amandus / d(e)d(icavit) Tertullo et / Sacerdoti co(n)s(ulibus) (Publius Aelius Amandus dedicated this to the god Sol Invictus in accordance with the vow he had made, upon his honorable discharge from the equestrian guard of the emperor, during the consulship of Tertullus and Sacerdos); see: J. Campbell, The Roman army, 31 BC-AD 337: a sourcebook (1994), p. 43; Halsberghe 1972, p. 45.
^ Guarducci, M., “Sol invictus augustus,” Rendiconti della Pont. Accademia Romana di archeologia, 3rd series 30/31 (1957/59) pp 161ff. An